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TABLE OF CONTENTS
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• Ventilator Need/Indications

  • Indications for Ventilatory Support

  • Contraindications for Ventilatory Support

  • Types of Acute Respiratory Failure

  • Differential Checklist of Potential Causes of ARF

  • Clinical Parameters Commonly Used to Determine Ventilatory Need

  • Objectives of Mechanical Ventilation

• Ventilator Operation

  • Types of Mechanical Ventilation

  • Ventilator Parameters

  • Operating Principles

• Modes of Ventilation

  • Volume-Assist/Control Ventilation (V-ACV)

  • Volume-Synchronized Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation (V-SIMV)

  • Volume-Mandatory Minute Volume Ventilation (V-MMV)

  • Volume-Inverse Ratio Ventilation (V-IRV)

  • Pressure-Assist/Control Ventilation (P-ACV)

  • Pressure-Synchronized Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation (P-SIMV)

  • Pressure-Inverse Ratio Ventilation (P-IRV)

  • Airway Pressure Release Ventilation (APRV)

  • BiVent

  • BiLevel

  • Pressure Support Ventilation (PSV)

  • Pressure-Mandatory Minute Ventilation (P-MMV)

  • Proportional Assist Ventilation (PAV)

  • Pressure Augment of Pressure Augmentation (Paug)

  • Volume Assured Pressure Support (VAPS)

  • Adaptive Pressure Ventilation (APV)

  • Autoflow

  • Pressure Regulated Volume Control (PRVC)

  • Variable Pressure Control (VPC)

  • Volume Control Plus (VCP)

  • Variable Pressure Support (VPS)

  • Volume Support (VS)

  • Volume Support Plus (VSP)

  • Adaptive Support Ventilation (ASV)

  • Automatic Tube Compensation (ATC)

  • Automode

  • Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP)

• Equations (150 Equations)

  • Acid-Base

    	Anion Gap
    	Base Excess
    	Bicarbonate correction of pH
    	Henderson-Hasselbach
    	Rule of 8's
    	Siggaard-Anderson Nomogram
    	T40 Bicarbonate
    	Winters Formula (PaCO2 predicted)

  • Oxygenation

    	A-a gradient
    	Alveolar O2 Tension
    	Arterial/alveolar O2 Tension (a/A Ratio)
    	Arterial - (mixed) Venous O2 Content Difference
    	Arterial - (mixed) Venous O2 Tension Difference
    	Arterial CO2 tension
    	FIO2 Estimation
    	O2 Consumption (demand)
    	O2 Consumption Index
    	O2 Content
    	O2 Delivery (supply, transport)
    	O2 Delivery Index
    	O2 Extraction Ratio
    	O2 Index
    	O2 Reserve
    	O2 Saturation (mixed venous)
    	P/F Ratio
    	Predicted PaO2 based on Age
    	Respiratory Index (RI)
    	Respiratory Quotient
    	Ventilation/Perfusion Index (VQI)

  • Ventilation

    	Alveolar Ventilation
    	Alveolar Volume
    	Deadspace Ventilation
    	Deadspace Volume
    	Deadspace/Tidal Volume Ratio
    	Minute Ventilation
    	Ventilation/Perfusion Ratio

  • Ventilator Calculations

    	Ventilator Flows
    	Ventilator Rate Needed for a Desired PaCO2
    	Mechanics

  • Mechanics

    	Airway Occlusion Pressure
    	Airway Resistance
    	Compliance
    	Equation of Motion
    	Maximal Inspiratory Pressure
    	Mean Airway Pressure
    	Pressure-Time Index
    	Rapid-Shallow Breathing Index
    	Time Constants
    	Vital Capacity
    	Work of Breathing

  • Weaning Equations

    	CROP
    	Simplified Weaning Index
    	P0.1/PImax and RSBI

  • Perfusion/Hemodynamic Monitoring

    	Cardiac Index
    	Cardiac Output
    	Coronary Artery Perfusion Pressure
    	Fick Equation
    	Left Ventricular Stroke Work
    	Left Ventricular Stroke Work Index
    	Mean Arterial Blood Pressure
    	Mean Pulmonary Artery Pressure
    	Pulmonary Vascular Resistance
    	Pulmonary Vascular Resistance Index
    	Pulse Pressure
    	Rate Pressure Product
    	Right Ventricular Stroke Work
    	Right Ventricular Stroke Work Index
    	Shunt Equation
    	Stroke Volume
    	Stroke Volume Index
    	Systemic Vascular Resistance
    	Systemic Vascular Resistance Index

  • Patient Calculations

    	Body Surface Area
    	Ideal Body Weight

  • Miscellaneous

    	ATPS to BTPS
    	Cylinder Flow Times
    	Entrainment Ratios
    	Fick's Law of Diffusion
    	Gas Laws
    	Graham's Law of Diffusion Coefficient
    	Helium/Oxygen Flowrate Conversion
    	Law of LaPlace
    	O2 Blending Ratios
    	Oxygen Duration of a Liquid System
    	Poiseiulle's Law
    	Reynold's Number
    	Temperature Conversion

• Initial Settings

  • Ordering Mechanical Ventilation

  • Initial Settings: Overview/Volumes/Rate/Oxygen/Pressures/Times/Flow
    Adjuncts

  • Initial Settings for Specific Modes

• Patient-Ventilator Assessment

  • Patient Assessment

  • Respiratory Assessment

  • Cardiovascular Assessment

  • Fluid & Electrolyte Assessment

  • Other Assessments

  • Ventilator Assessment (Settings/Circuit/Graphics)

• Patient-Ventilator Trouble-Shooting

  • Signs of Sudden Patient Distress

  • Algorithm for Sudden Patient Distress

  • Differential Diagnosis of Sudden Respiratory Distress

  • Patient Trouble-Shooting

  • Ventilator Trouble-Shooting

  • Patient-Ventilator Asynchrony

• Ventilator Graphics - Waveform Analysis (47 pages)

  • Definition

  • Purposes (Indications)

  • Types of Graphic Waveforms
    - Scalars
    - Loops 

  • Normal Graphic Waveforms

  • Abnormal Graphic Waveforms by . . .
    - Waveform
    - Problem (Patient/Ventilator)

  • Other Applications

• Ventilator Management

  • Improving Ventilation

  • Permissive Hypercapnia

  • Improving Oxygenation

  • Improving Patient-Ventilator Interaction

• Specific Disease Management

  • ARDS and ALI

  • Asthma

  • B-P Fistula

  • Burns and Smoke Inhalation

  • Chest Trauma

  • COPD

  • Drug Overdose

  • Head Trauma

  • Myocardial Infarction and Congestive Heart Failure

  • Neuromuscular Disorders

  • Post-Operative Patients

  • Restrictive Pulmonary Lung Disease

• Ventilator Effects, Cautions and Complications

  • Pulmonary

  • Arterial Blood Gases

  • Artificial Airways

  • Cardiovascular

  • Gastrointestinal

  • Hepatic

  • Infection

  • Mechanical

  • Neurological

  • Nutritional

  • Psychological

  • Renal

• Drug Management

  • Aerosol Administration

  • Analgesics

  • Neuroleptics

  • Sedatives

  • Paralytics

  • Dosage Table

• Discontinuation/Weaning

  • Definitions

  • Discontinuation Assessment

  • Primary Pathology

  • Vital Signs

  • Respiratory Assessment

  • Cardiovascular Assessment

  • Metabolic Assessment

  • Neurologic Assessment

  • Nutritional Assessment

  • Pharmacological Assessment

  • Psychological Assessment

  • Renal Assessment

  • Miscellaneous Factors

  • Discontinuation Methods

  • ACCP Discontinuation/Weaning Guidelines

  • Monitoring of Success of Failure

  • Weaning

  • Extubation

  • Terminal Discontinuation

  • Sample Protocols

• Neonatal/Pediatric Ventilation

  • Neonatal Physiology Affecting Ventilation

  • Initial Management Plan

  • Neonatal CPAP

  • Neonatal Ventilation (Indications, Types of Ventilation, Initial Setting/Parameters)

  • Management Strategies (Oxygenation, Ventilation, ABG's)

  • Pediatric CPAP

  • Pediatric Ventilation

• Specific Ventilation Techniques

  • Extracorporeal Gas Exchange

  • Helium-Oxygen Therapy

  • High Frequency Ventilation

  • Independent Lung Ventilation

  • Liquid Ventilation

  • Lung Recruitment Maneuvers

  • Nitric-Oxide Inhalation

  • Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation

  • Positional Therapy

  • Tracheal Gas Insufflation

• Appendices

  • Abbreviations/Terms

  • Conversions

  • Nomograms

  • AARC Clinical Practice Guidelines (10)